Mesothelioma and Asbestos Asbestos can cause a number of medical ailments. One of these conditions, mesothelioma, is a rare type of cancer. It is a rare cancer that affects the lining of certain organs. The most prevalent kinds are peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is caused by breathing asbestos fibres. https://vimeo.com/704929624